“An Iron Curtain has descended across the Continent” Some people believe that the contradictions between Russia, in particular, and the West have continued and that there is still an ongoing Cold War today, albeit expressed in different ways. This came about with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, or the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. It is not so difficult to state when the Cold war period ended. Communist governments were established without democratic elections in all countries in which the Soviet Army was present at the end of the Second World War. In the final months of the Second World War, it became clear to all that there were strong contradictions between the Allied Forces: the Soviet Union and the Western countries. A strong communistic patriotism was prevalent at the start of the 1930s, including ideas of an external enemy: the surrounding hostile capitalist countries. Some Russian historians believe that the Cold War had already commenced in the early 1930s or even before, when Stalin was in power. To give the exact starting point of the Cold War is, in fact, difficult. The Cold War is normally considered to cover the period from the end of the Second World War in 1945 to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Cold War is the name given to the strained relations between the countries of NATO (main partner U.S.) and those of the Warsaw Pact (main partner Russia). One of the main tasks of the Initiative and Network is therefore to inform young people of the history of the Cold War period. This means that people in both Eastern and Western Europe under the age of around 30 do not have any clear recollection of the living conditions or the cold political realities of the Cold War period. The end of the Cold War period and the collapse of the Soviet Union took place around 20 years ago.
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